When it comes to creating an effective training program, knowledge of energy systems is a valuable tool that can make a significant difference in your fitness journey. Energy systems are like the secret ingredients that can help you optimise your workouts, improve performance, and achieve your fitness goals more efficiently.
My name is Abhishek Munian and I’m a certified fitness coach, or as I like to call it “an online fitness coach for busy professionals”. Today, I’ll help you understand how energy systems can empower you to make better decisions with your training programs but before we dive into how energy systems can benefit your training, it’s essential to know the basics.
If the concept of energy systems were to be explained to a five-year-old, we can do so by dividing it into three parts:
Super Quick Energy: When you need to run fast or jump high, your body uses a special energy system that gives you a quick burst of energy. It’s like a sprint! Imagine your body is like a superhero, and it needs certain kinds of power to do different things. These different kinds of power are called “energy systems.”
Steady Energy: Sometimes, you need to keep going for a long time, like when you’re playing all day at the playground. Your body uses another energy system that gives you steady energy, just like a superhero with a power that lasts a long time.
Super Strong Energy: When you need to lift heavy things, like a superhero lifting a big rock, your body uses a different energy system. It’s like a strength power-up!
In simple words, energy systems are the different ways your body produces and uses energy during physical activity. There are three primary energy systems:
1. Phosphagen System: This system provides quick bursts of energy for activities like sprinting, lifting heavy weights, or jumping. It’s like the turbo boost in a video game that gives you a short but powerful surge of energy.
2. Glycolytic System: This system kicks in when you engage in high-intensity, short-duration activities such as HIIT workouts or lifting moderate weights. It’s responsible for supplying energy for a bit longer than the phosphagen system, but it’s still relatively short-lived.
3. Oxidative System: This is your endurance powerhouse. It fuels activities like long-distance running, cycling, or any sustained effort. It’s like the slow and steady energy that keeps you going for a long time.
So How Does Understanding Energy Systems Help One Tailor Their Workouts?
Understanding the different energy systems can help you tailor your workouts to match your specific goals. If you want to become a better sprinter, for example, you should focus on training the phosphagen system with short, high-intensity intervals. On the other hand, if you aim to improve your endurance for long runs, your training should emphasise the oxidative system.
Tailoring your workouts to match your goals and the relevant energy system not only saves you time but also maximises your results.
Knowing and integrating energy systems can guide you in structuring your workouts, not only in terms of the type of exercise but also in terms of duration and intensity. For instance, if your goal is to improve your glycolytic system for high-intensity sports, you might design a workout program that includes short, intense bursts of activity, followed by brief rest periods. This approach targets the glycolytic system and helps you build strength and endurance for activities like tennis, soccer, or basketball.
Alternatively, if you’re an endurance athlete looking to enhance your oxidative system for long-distance running or cycling, your training program should focus on sustained efforts over a more extended period. Long, steady-state runs or bike rides at a moderate pace can help you develop the endurance needed for these activities.
Overall, it lets you mix and match different types of workouts to keep things interesting and challenging. Variety is not only enjoyable but also essential to prevent boredom and maintain motivation in your fitness journey.
Preventing Overtraining and Injury
Overtraining is a common pitfall in the fitness world. Pushing your body too hard for an extended period can lead to injuries and burnout. Learning about energy systems can help you avoid this by allowing you to plan appropriate rest periods and recovery strategies.
Each energy system has its recovery time. The phosphagen system recovers relatively quickly, so if you’re focusing on sprinting, you might be able to train more frequently. On the other hand, the oxidative system takes longer to recover, so you’ll need more rest between long-distance runs.
When you schedule your workouts smartly and incorporate rest periods that align with the energy systems you’re targeting, you can reduce the risk of overtraining and keep your body healthy.
Tracking Progress and Setting Goals
Another benefit of understanding energy systems is that they enable you to set clear, measurable goals and track your progress more effectively. When you know which energy system you’re training, you can monitor your performance and see tangible improvements over time.
For instance, if you’re working on your glycolytic system through high-intensity interval training (HIIT), you can measure your progress by monitoring how long you can sustain those high-intensity intervals or how quickly you recover between them. This makes it easier to set specific goals, like increasing your sprint speed or lasting longer during intense workouts.
Avoiding Plateaus
Plateaus in fitness occur when your progress comes to a halt. You can avoid these frustrating plateaus by allowing you to change up your workouts strategically.
Switching your training focus to a different energy system can shock your body and stimulate new growth. For example, if you’ve hit a plateau in your long-distance running, incorporating some high-intensity interval training to target the glycolytic system can help you break through and see continuous improvements in your endurance.
Efficient Time Management
Time is a precious commodity. By customising your workouts to the specific energy systems you’re targeting, you can achieve your fitness goals without spending excessive time in the gym. This means you’ll have more time for other aspects of your life while still making significant progress in your fitness journey.
The knowledge of energy systems in your training programs can be a game-changer for your fitness goals. It allows you to work smarter, prevent overtraining, set clear goals, avoid plateaus, and manage your time more efficiently. By understanding how your body produces and uses energy, you can create personalised and effective training programs that help you become the best version of yourself.